{"schemaVersion":"2.5.0","datasetVersion":"2.5.0","slug":"somalie","name":"Somalie","m49Name":"Somalie","officialName":"République fédérale de Somalie","iso2":"SO","iso3":"SOM","m49":"706","continent":{"code":"002","fr":"Afrique"},"subregion":{"code":"014","name":"Afrique orientale"},"capital":["Mogadiscio"],"coordinates":[10,49],"capitalCoordinates":[2.03711,45.34375],"currencies":[{"code":"SOS","name":"shilling somalien","symbol":"Sh"}],"languages":[{"code":"ara","name":"arabe"},{"code":"som","name":"somali"}],"timezones":["Africa/Nairobi"],"borders":[{"slug":"djibouti","name":"Djibouti","iso3":"DJI"},{"slug":"ethiopie","name":"Éthiopie","iso3":"ETH"},{"slug":"kenya","name":"Kenya","iso3":"KEN"}],"independent":true,"unMember":true,"politicalStatus":{"code":"un-member-state","label":"État membre de l’Organisation des Nations unies","shortLabel":"État membre de l’ONU","description":"Somalie figure parmi les 193 États membres de l’Organisation des Nations unies.","sourceIds":["unMembers"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30"},"landlocked":false,"territorialScope":{"summary":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois.","map":"Le contour et les coordonnées localisent l’entrée SOM à petite échelle ; ils ne servent pas à mesurer une frontière.","borders":"Les voisins décrivent les contacts terrestres du périmètre affiché. Les limites contestées ou maritimes ne sont pas transformées en frontières terrestres.","aggregates":"Les agrégats régionaux séparent les États membres des territoires codés afin d’éviter les doubles comptes ; le périmètre exact est affiché avec chaque calcul."},"fixedProvenance":{"name":{"value":"Somalie","sourceIds":["m49","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Nom français usuel retenu pour la lecture et la recherche ; il est distingué du libellé statistique M49 exact.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=706;ISO3=SOM","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"m49Name":{"value":"Somalie","sourceIds":["m49"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Libellé français exact de l’entrée territoriale publié par la Division de statistique des Nations unies.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=706;ISO3=SOM","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"identifiers":{"value":{"iso2":"SO","iso3":"SOM","m49":"706"},"sourceIds":["m49"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Codes ISO alpha-2, ISO alpha-3 et M49 repris de la table territoriale officielle de l’UNSD.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=706;ISO3=SOM","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"classification":{"value":{"continent":{"code":"002","fr":"Afrique"},"subregion":{"code":"014","name":"Afrique orientale"}},"sourceIds":["m49"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Grande région et sous-région reprises de la hiérarchie statistique M49 ; ce classement ne constitue pas une appréciation politique.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=706;ISO3=SOM","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"officialName":{"value":"République fédérale de Somalie","sourceIds":["unterm","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Forme française contrôlée dans UNTERM et le registre de corrections.","evidenceUrl":"https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en/","recordKey":"SOM:officialName","recordLabel":"Champ officialName de l’entrée SOM/706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"capital":{"value":["Mogadiscio"],"sourceIds":["geonamesCountryInfo","unterm","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Capitale ou fonctions capitales contrôlées ; les cas sensibles reçoivent une note de statut.","evidenceUrl":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","recordKey":"countryInfo.txt:ISO=SO","recordLabel":"Ligne SO du fichier countryInfo","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"politicalStatus":{"value":"État membre de l’ONU","sourceIds":["unMembers"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Statut distingué de la simple présence d’un code statistique M49.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.un.org/about-us/member-states","recordKey":"UN-member:SOM","recordLabel":"Statut ONU/M49 de SOM","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"languages":{"value":[{"code":"ara","name":"arabe"},{"code":"som","name":"somali"}],"sourceIds":["geonamesCountryInfo","iso639","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Langues référencées ; la présence dans la liste n’implique pas automatiquement un statut officiel.","evidenceUrl":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","recordKey":"countryInfo.txt:ISO=SO","recordLabel":"Ligne SO du fichier countryInfo","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"currencies":{"value":[{"code":"SOS","name":"shilling somalien","symbol":"Sh"}],"sourceIds":["geonamesCountryInfo","iso4217","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Codes monétaires en vigueur contrôlés dans ISO 4217 et, pour les changements récents, auprès de l’autorité monétaire.","evidenceUrl":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","recordKey":"countryInfo.txt:ISO=SO","recordLabel":"Ligne SO du fichier countryInfo","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"timezones":{"value":["Africa/Nairobi"],"sourceIds":["iana"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Identifiants de la base IANA ; un fuseau n’est pas un simple décalage UTC permanent.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.iana.org/time-zones","recordKey":"zone1970.tab:SO:Africa/Nairobi","recordLabel":"Zones IANA rattachées au code SO","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"borders":{"value":[{"slug":"djibouti","name":"Djibouti","iso3":"DJI"},{"slug":"ethiopie","name":"Éthiopie","iso3":"ETH"},{"slug":"kenya","name":"Kenya","iso3":"KEN"}],"sourceIds":["naturalEarth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Voisinages rattachés à chaque entrée M49 dans le référentiel cartographique. Ils ne consolident pas automatiquement les frontières des territoires d’outre-mer avec celles de l’État associé ; les microfrontières et limites contestées demandent une vérification à plus grande échelle.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/110m-cultural-vectors/110m-admin-0-countries/","recordKey":"ADM0_A3=SOM;neighbors=DJI,ETH,KEN","recordLabel":"Voisinages contrôlés pour SOM","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"landlocked":{"value":false,"sourceIds":["mledoze","naturalEarth","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Attribut d’enclavement du référentiel territorial, contrôlé avec la géométrie ; il décrit l’accès direct à la mer, pas la qualité des corridors.","evidenceUrl":"https://github.com/mledoze/countries","recordKey":"SOM:landlocked","recordLabel":"Champ landlocked de l’entrée SOM/706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"independent":{"value":true,"sourceIds":["unMembers","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Indicateur opérationnel distinct du statut ONU ; les observateurs, États en libre association, territoires et zones spéciales sont explicités par politicalStatus.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.un.org/about-us/member-states","recordKey":"SOM:independent","recordLabel":"Champ independent de l’entrée SOM/706","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"coordinates":{"value":[10,49],"sourceIds":["geonames"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Coordonnées WGS 84 utilisées pour la localisation générale.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.geonames.org/export/","recordKey":"GeoNames-country:SO:10,49","recordLabel":"Point de repère territorial SO","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"capitalCoordinates":{"value":[2.03711,45.34375],"sourceIds":["geonames"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Coordonnées WGS 84 de la capitale de référence.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.geonames.org/export/","recordKey":"GeoNames-capital:SO:2.03711,45.34375","recordLabel":"Point de repère de Mogadiscio","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."},"surfaceArea":{"value":637660,"sourceIds":["worldBankArea"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Dernière observation Banque mondiale disponible (2023), figée comme référence lors de la revue du 2026-07-30. Cette superficie totale n’est pas le dénominateur de la densité, qui utilise la surface terrestre.","evidenceUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/so/indicator/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2?format=json&per_page=100","recordKey":"SO:AG.SRF.TOTL.K2:637660","recordLabel":"Observation AG.SRF.TOTL.K2 pour SO","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs décrivent l’entrée statistique SOM/706 ; les dépendances disposant de leur propre code M49 ne sont pas additionnées une seconde fois."}},"fixedSourceRegistry":{"m49":{"name":"Division de statistique des Nations unies — nomenclature M49","url":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","fields":["m49Name","m49","continent","subregion"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unMembers":{"name":"Nations unies — États membres","url":"https://www.un.org/about-us/member-states","fields":["politicalStatus","unMember"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unObservers":{"name":"Nations unies — États non membres observateurs","url":"https://www.un.org/fr/about-us/non-member-states","fields":["politicalStatus","unMember"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"geonamesCountryInfo":{"name":"GeoNames — countryInfo","url":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","fields":["capital","languages","currencies","surfaceArea"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"worldBankArea":{"name":"Banque mondiale — superficie totale AG.SRF.TOTL.K2","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2","fields":["surfaceArea"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"canadaOfficialArea":{"name":"Gouvernement du Canada — superficie terrestre nationale","url":"https://www.canada.ca/fr/environnement-changement-climatique/services/indicateurs-environnementaux/aires-conservees.html","fields":["surfaceArea"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unterm":{"name":"UNTERM — terminologie des Nations unies","url":"https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en/","fields":["officialName","capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iknAuthority":{"name":"Autorité de la capitale Nusantara — calendrier du transfert","url":"https://www.ikn.go.id/en/ketua-kpu-ri-nyatakan-dukungan-kuat-bagi-kelangsungan-pembangunan-ibu-kota-nusantara","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unJerusalem":{"name":"Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies — résolution 478 (1980)","url":"https://docs.un.org/fr/S/RES/478(1980)","fields":["capital","politicalStatus"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"southAfricaGovernment":{"name":"Gouvernement sud-africain — fonctions des trois capitales","url":"https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"montserratGovernment":{"name":"Gouvernement de Montserrat — siège à Brades","url":"https://www.gov.ms/contact-us/","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"nauruParliament":{"name":"Parlement de Nauru — siège dans le district de Yaren","url":"https://www.nauru.gov.nr/parliament-of-nauru/contact-parliament.aspx","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"netherlandsConstitution":{"name":"Gouvernement des Pays-Bas — Constitution du Royaume","url":"https://www.government.nl/documents/2019/02/28/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"eswatiniParliament":{"name":"Parlement du Royaume d’Eswatini — siège à Lobamba","url":"https://parliament.gov.sz/contactus/","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"boliviaGovernment":{"name":"Présidence de la Bolivie — Sucre, capitale de l’État","url":"https://vc.presidencia.gob.bo/index.php/prensa/57-junio/1303-en-el-marco-del-bicentenario%2C-presidente-arce-inaugura-la-37%C2%AA-olimpiada-internacional-de-inform%C3%A1tica-en-sucre","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iso4217":{"name":"SIX, agence de maintenance ISO 4217","url":"https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/financial-information/data-standards.html","fields":["currencies"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iso639":{"name":"ISO 639 — codes des langues","url":"https://www.iso.org/iso-639-language-code","fields":["languages"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iana":{"name":"IANA Time Zone Database","url":"https://www.iana.org/time-zones","fields":["timezones"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"naturalEarth":{"name":"Natural Earth — Admin 0 Countries","url":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/110m-cultural-vectors/110m-admin-0-countries/","fields":["borders","map"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"mledoze":{"name":"mledoze/countries — attribut géographique landlocked","url":"https://github.com/mledoze/countries","fields":["landlocked"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"geonames":{"name":"GeoNames — coordonnées WGS 84","url":"https://www.geonames.org/export/","fields":["coordinates","capitalCoordinates"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"editorialRegistry":{"name":"Registre de corrections Geographie.com","url":"https://www.geographie.com/sources#donnees-fixes","fields":["name","officialName","capital","languages","currencies","politicalStatus"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"}},"indicators":{"population":{"code":"SP.POP.TOTL","label":"Population totale","unit":"habitants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":19654739},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":8838713},{"year":2005,"value":10644228},{"year":2010,"value":12261756},{"year":2015,"value":13806963},{"year":2020,"value":16651191},{"year":2021,"value":17271431},{"year":2022,"value":17801897},{"year":2023,"value":18358615},{"year":2024,"value":19009151},{"year":2025,"value":19654739}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/population"},"density":{"code":"EN.POP.DNST","label":"Densité de population","unit":"hab./km²","latest":{"year":2023,"value":29.2642187649441},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":14.089190869385},{"year":2005,"value":16.9672394554787},{"year":2010,"value":19.5456307584404},{"year":2015,"value":22.0087400771511},{"year":2019,"value":25.5538798737527},{"year":2020,"value":26.5425303663085},{"year":2021,"value":27.5312127395033},{"year":2022,"value":28.3767924889215},{"year":2023,"value":29.2642187649441}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/densite-population"},"gdp":{"code":"NY.GDP.MKTP.CD","label":"Produit intérieur brut","unit":"$ US courants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":12995200000.2658},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":3412797450.20112},{"year":2005,"value":4683246454.10048},{"year":2010,"value":2687807003.73935},{"year":2015,"value":6152149099.99942},{"year":2020,"value":8628000000},{"year":2021,"value":9483000000},{"year":2022,"value":10203000000},{"year":2023,"value":10958000000},{"year":2024,"value":11967000000},{"year":2025,"value":12995200000.2658}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/pib"},"gdpPerCapita":{"code":"NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","label":"PIB par habitant","unit":"$ US courants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":661.173877723116},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":386.119274401275},{"year":2005,"value":439.979907805478},{"year":2010,"value":219.202453852397},{"year":2015,"value":445.583080073396},{"year":2020,"value":518.16113333875},{"year":2021,"value":549.056994756254},{"year":2022,"value":573.141165798229},{"year":2023,"value":596.885985135589},{"year":2024,"value":629.538899449007},{"year":2025,"value":661.173877723116}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/pib-par-habitant"},"lifeExpectancy":{"code":"SP.DYN.LE00.IN","label":"Espérance de vie à la naissance","unit":"années","latest":{"year":2024,"value":58.967},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":50.747},{"year":2005,"value":50.894},{"year":2010,"value":48.9},{"year":2015,"value":55.056},{"year":2020,"value":57.095},{"year":2021,"value":55.703},{"year":2022,"value":53.931},{"year":2023,"value":58.816},{"year":2024,"value":58.967}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/esperance-de-vie"},"urbanPopulation":{"code":"SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS","label":"Population urbaine","unit":"% de la population","latest":{"year":2025,"value":55.1399062872976},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":33.0596136927225},{"year":2005,"value":35.4674928136211},{"year":2010,"value":38.5735080618592},{"year":2015,"value":43.8618107408479},{"year":2020,"value":52.286318011754},{"year":2021,"value":52.9060649733324},{"year":2022,"value":53.5010115886789},{"year":2023,"value":54.0714435506882},{"year":2024,"value":54.6176465524521},{"year":2025,"value":55.1399062872976}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/population-urbaine"},"surfaceArea":{"code":"AG.SRF.TOTL.K2","label":"Superficie","unit":"km²","latest":{"year":null,"value":637660,"sourceObservationYear":2023,"referenceType":"fixed","reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","sourceIds":["worldBankArea"]},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":637660},{"year":2005,"value":637660},{"year":2010,"value":637660},{"year":2015,"value":637660},{"year":2019,"value":637660},{"year":2020,"value":637660},{"year":2021,"value":637660},{"year":2022,"value":637660},{"year":2023,"value":637660}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/superficie"},"populationGrowth":{"code":"SP.POP.GROW","label":"Croissance démographique","unit":"% annuel","latest":{"year":2025,"value":3.3397984923678},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":4.00097862828906},{"year":2005,"value":3.47204363776718},{"year":2010,"value":2.48169887268086},{"year":2015,"value":3.44441462928404},{"year":2020,"value":3.79592066888979},{"year":2021,"value":3.65720037777736},{"year":2022,"value":3.0251275475745},{"year":2023,"value":3.07939219638342},{"year":2024,"value":3.48215481810475},{"year":2025,"value":3.3397984923678}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/croissance-demographique"},"fertility":{"code":"SP.DYN.TFRT.IN","label":"Indice de fécondité","unit":"enfants par femme","latest":{"year":2024,"value":6.013},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":7.645},{"year":2005,"value":7.527},{"year":2010,"value":7.322},{"year":2015,"value":6.975},{"year":2020,"value":6.453},{"year":2021,"value":6.353},{"year":2022,"value":6.255},{"year":2023,"value":6.132},{"year":2024,"value":6.013}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/fecondite"},"birthRate":{"code":"SP.DYN.CBRT.IN","label":"Taux brut de natalité","unit":"pour 1 000 habitants","latest":{"year":2024,"value":42.346},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":50.443},{"year":2005,"value":49.615},{"year":2010,"value":48.062},{"year":2015,"value":47.171},{"year":2020,"value":44.544},{"year":2021,"value":44.094},{"year":2022,"value":43.789},{"year":2023,"value":42.964},{"year":2024,"value":42.346}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/taux-natalite"},"deathRate":{"code":"SP.DYN.CDRT.IN","label":"Taux brut de mortalité","unit":"pour 1 000 habitants","latest":{"year":2024,"value":9.741},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":15.749},{"year":2005,"value":15.501},{"year":2010,"value":16.617},{"year":2015,"value":12.292},{"year":2020,"value":10.834},{"year":2021,"value":11.3},{"year":2022,"value":12.812},{"year":2023,"value":9.835},{"year":2024,"value":9.741}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/taux-mortalite"},"netMigration":{"code":"SM.POP.NETM","label":"Solde migratoire","unit":"personnes","latest":{"year":2025,"value":12077},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":53580},{"year":2005,"value":-5955},{"year":2010,"value":-88448},{"year":2015,"value":-17178},{"year":2020,"value":77259},{"year":2021,"value":35506},{"year":2022,"value":-92434},{"year":2023,"value":46217},{"year":2024,"value":26859},{"year":2025,"value":12077}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/solde-migratoire"},"landArea":{"code":"AG.LND.TOTL.K2","label":"Surface terrestre","unit":"km²","latest":{"year":2023,"value":627340},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":627340},{"year":2005,"value":627340},{"year":2010,"value":627340},{"year":2015,"value":627340},{"year":2019,"value":627340},{"year":2020,"value":627340},{"year":2021,"value":627340},{"year":2022,"value":627340},{"year":2023,"value":627340}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/surface-terrestre"},"forestArea":{"code":"AG.LND.FRST.ZS","label":"Surface forestière","unit":"% du territoire","latest":{"year":2023,"value":9.16528517231485},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":11.9791500621672},{"year":2005,"value":11.3674403035037},{"year":2010,"value":10.7557305448401},{"year":2015,"value":10.1440207861766},{"year":2019,"value":9.6546529792457},{"year":2020,"value":9.53231102751299},{"year":2021,"value":9.40996907578028},{"year":2022,"value":9.28762712404757},{"year":2023,"value":9.16528517231485}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/surface-forestiere"},"agriculturalLand":{"code":"AG.LND.AGRI.ZS","label":"Terres agricoles","unit":"% du territoire","latest":{"year":2023,"value":70.3433544808238},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":70.2442056938821},{"year":2005,"value":70.3382535786017},{"year":2010,"value":70.3382535786017},{"year":2015,"value":70.3382535786017},{"year":2019,"value":70.3412822392961},{"year":2020,"value":70.341601045685},{"year":2021,"value":70.3414416424905},{"year":2022,"value":70.3430356744349},{"year":2023,"value":70.3433544808238}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/terres-agricoles"},"arableLand":{"code":"AG.LND.ARBL.ZS","label":"Terres arables","unit":"% du territoire","latest":{"year":2023,"value":1.75343513884018},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":1.66257531800937},{"year":2005,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2010,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2015,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2019,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2020,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2021,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2022,"value":1.75343513884018},{"year":2023,"value":1.75343513884018}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/terres-arables"},"gdpPppPerCapita":{"code":"NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD","label":"PIB par habitant en parité de pouvoir d’achat","unit":"$ internationaux courants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":1642.77032278186},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":467.060922100889},{"year":2005,"value":619.158298415337},{"year":2010,"value":815.131435968091},{"year":2015,"value":1341.38999678728},{"year":2020,"value":1454.26711848855},{"year":2021,"value":1392.31782053371},{"year":2022,"value":1486.23689665021},{"year":2023,"value":1556.89233845758},{"year":2024,"value":1604.29116285918},{"year":2025,"value":1642.77032278186}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/pib-par-habitant-ppa"},"gdpGrowth":{"code":"NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG","label":"Croissance du PIB réel","unit":"% annuel","latest":{"year":2025,"value":2.99114404482197},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":7.11031431133236},{"year":2005,"value":7.1103143113146},{"year":2010,"value":6.69435192550543},{"year":2015,"value":10.4621881235147},{"year":2020,"value":-2.76455696202532},{"year":2021,"value":3.44719850031242},{"year":2022,"value":2.71821202053759},{"year":2023,"value":4.17524257571303},{"year":2024,"value":4.11139335779471},{"year":2025,"value":2.99114404482197}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/croissance-pib"},"inflation":{"code":"FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG","label":"Inflation des prix à la consommation","unit":"% annuel","latest":null,"series":[],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/inflation"},"unemployment":{"code":"SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","label":"Taux de chômage","unit":"% de la population active","latest":{"year":2025,"value":18.948},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":18.678},{"year":2005,"value":18.671},{"year":2010,"value":18.741},{"year":2015,"value":18.495},{"year":2020,"value":19.414},{"year":2021,"value":19.662},{"year":2022,"value":19.112},{"year":2023,"value":18.96},{"year":2024,"value":18.949},{"year":2025,"value":18.948}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/chomage"},"trade":{"code":"NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS","label":"Échanges de biens et services","unit":"% du PIB","latest":{"year":2025,"value":128.063438809135},"series":[{"year":2015,"value":76.4793322385239},{"year":2020,"value":75.6954102920723},{"year":2021,"value":79.0994411051355},{"year":2022,"value":90.7576203077526},{"year":2023,"value":103.121007483117},{"year":2024,"value":130.325060583271},{"year":2025,"value":128.063438809135}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/ouverture-commerciale"},"infantMortality":{"code":"SP.DYN.IMRT.IN","label":"Mortalité infantile","unit":"pour 1 000 naissances","latest":{"year":2024,"value":65.4},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":103.9},{"year":2005,"value":103.9},{"year":2010,"value":112.5},{"year":2015,"value":83.7},{"year":2020,"value":72.9},{"year":2021,"value":70.9},{"year":2022,"value":89.2},{"year":2023,"value":67.3},{"year":2024,"value":65.4}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/mortalite-infantile"},"internetUsers":{"code":"IT.NET.USER.ZS","label":"Utilisateurs d’Internet","unit":"% de la population","latest":{"year":2024,"value":27.94020081},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":0.02},{"year":2005,"value":1.077299953},{"year":2015,"value":1.75999999},{"year":2020,"value":15.02369976},{"year":2021,"value":23.87479973},{"year":2022,"value":27.6},{"year":2023,"value":26.12010002},{"year":2024,"value":27.94020081}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/utilisateurs-internet"},"mobileSubscriptions":{"code":"IT.CEL.SETS.P2","label":"Abonnements mobiles","unit":"pour 100 habitants","latest":{"year":2023,"value":53.9579646939598},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":0.905109148809335},{"year":2005,"value":4.6973815292194},{"year":2010,"value":5.28635539640489},{"year":2015,"value":42.2685278435236},{"year":2019,"value":51.3194116563494},{"year":2020,"value":53.1133178401473},{"year":2021,"value":51.2059481348129},{"year":2022,"value":49.6800986995936},{"year":2023,"value":53.9579646939598}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/abonnements-mobiles"},"accessElectricity":{"code":"EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS","label":"Accès à l’électricité","unit":"% de la population","latest":{"year":2024,"value":54.4},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":2.1},{"year":2005,"value":15},{"year":2010,"value":52.3},{"year":2015,"value":51.2},{"year":2020,"value":49.9},{"year":2021,"value":49.3},{"year":2022,"value":48.9},{"year":2023,"value":50.3},{"year":2024,"value":54.4}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/acces-electricite"},"healthExpenditure":{"code":"SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS","label":"Dépenses courantes de santé","unit":"% du PIB","latest":{"year":2023,"value":3.74413586},"series":[{"year":2015,"value":2.94074512},{"year":2019,"value":2.40617251},{"year":2020,"value":2.47010517},{"year":2021,"value":2.73509169},{"year":2022,"value":2.8469162},{"year":2023,"value":3.74413586}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/depenses-sante"},"schoolSecondary":{"code":"SE.SEC.ENRR","label":"Scolarisation dans le secondaire","unit":"% brut","latest":{"year":2023,"value":3.34785008430481},"series":[{"year":2007,"value":6.01468992233276},{"year":2023,"value":3.34785008430481}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/scolarisation-secondaire"},"renewableEnergy":{"code":"EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS","label":"Énergies renouvelables dans la consommation finale","unit":"% de la consommation","latest":{"year":2022,"value":95.4},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":93.3},{"year":2005,"value":93.3},{"year":2010,"value":93.6},{"year":2015,"value":94.5},{"year":2018,"value":94.9},{"year":2019,"value":95},{"year":2020,"value":95.5},{"year":2021,"value":95.4},{"year":2022,"value":95.4}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/energie-renouvelable"},"co2PerCapita":{"code":"EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5","label":"Émissions de CO₂ par habitant","unit":"t éq. CO₂ par habitant","latest":{"year":2024,"value":0.0455149206821494},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":0.0707455938438096},{"year":2005,"value":0.0708740925128624},{"year":2010,"value":0.0643056345273874},{"year":2015,"value":0.0595713916231977},{"year":2020,"value":0.0474200313959524},{"year":2021,"value":0.0473151298233482},{"year":2022,"value":0.0467871485830976},{"year":2023,"value":0.0462780008186892},{"year":2024,"value":0.0455149206821494}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/emissions-co2-par-habitant"},"freshwaterWithdrawals":{"code":"ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS","label":"Prélèvements d’eau douce","unit":"% des ressources internes","latest":{"year":2022,"value":54.9666666666667},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":54.8316666666667},{"year":2005,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2010,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2015,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2018,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2019,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2020,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2021,"value":54.9666666666667},{"year":2022,"value":54.9666666666667}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/prelevements-eau-douce"},"militaryExpenditure":{"code":"MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS","label":"Dépenses militaires","unit":"% du PIB","latest":{"year":2024,"value":1.58578050121769},"series":[{"year":2015,"value":0.681391609413828},{"year":2020,"value":1.1376518312471},{"year":2021,"value":1.17069801771404},{"year":2022,"value":1.16300107811428},{"year":2023,"value":1.28520375603975},{"year":2024,"value":1.58578050121769}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/depenses-militaires"},"airPassengers":{"code":"IS.AIR.PSGR","label":"Passagers du transport aérien","unit":"passagers transportés","latest":{"year":2019,"value":34065.5568461863},"series":[{"year":2010,"value":163812.745808619},{"year":2011,"value":177005.4},{"year":2012,"value":178709.7},{"year":2013,"value":258336},{"year":2014,"value":251652},{"year":2016,"value":4486},{"year":2017,"value":4486},{"year":2018,"value":33728.9686579889},{"year":2019,"value":34065.5568461863}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/transport-aerien-passagers"}},"seriesMode":"repères chronologiques : années jalons 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 et dernières observations ; pas une série annuelle exhaustive","url":"https://www.geographie.com/pays/somalie","sources":{"territories":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/","indicators":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/","territorialNamesAndCapitals":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/","currencies":"https://www.iso.org/fr/iso-4217-currency-codes.html","languages":"https://www.iso.org/iso-639-language-code","borders":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/","fixedFieldsRegister":"https://www.geographie.com/sources#donnees-fixes","timezones":"https://www.iana.org/time-zones","capitalCoordinates":"https://www.geonames.org/","licences":"https://www.geographie.com/sources#licences"},"retrievedAt":"2026-07-29","fixedDataReviewedAt":"2026-07-30"}