{"schemaVersion":"2.5.0","datasetVersion":"2.5.0","slug":"chine","name":"Chine","m49Name":"Chine","officialName":"République populaire de Chine","iso2":"CN","iso3":"CHN","m49":"156","continent":{"code":"142","fr":"Asie"},"subregion":{"code":"030","name":"Asie orientale"},"capital":["Pékin"],"coordinates":[35,105],"capitalCoordinates":[39.9075,116.39723],"currencies":[{"code":"CNY","name":"yuan renminbi chinois","symbol":"¥"}],"languages":[{"code":"zho","name":"chinois"}],"timezones":["Asia/Shanghai","Asia/Urumqi"],"borders":[{"slug":"afghanistan","name":"Afghanistan","iso3":"AFG"},{"slug":"bhoutan","name":"Bhoutan","iso3":"BTN"},{"slug":"myanmar","name":"Myanmar","iso3":"MMR"},{"slug":"inde","name":"Inde","iso3":"IND"},{"slug":"kazakhstan","name":"Kazakhstan","iso3":"KAZ"},{"slug":"nepal","name":"Népal","iso3":"NPL"},{"slug":"coree-du-nord","name":"Corée du Nord","iso3":"PRK"},{"slug":"kirghizistan","name":"Kirghizistan","iso3":"KGZ"},{"slug":"laos","name":"Laos","iso3":"LAO"},{"slug":"mongolie","name":"Mongolie","iso3":"MNG"},{"slug":"pakistan","name":"Pakistan","iso3":"PAK"},{"slug":"russie","name":"Russie","iso3":"RUS"},{"slug":"tadjikistan","name":"Tadjikistan","iso3":"TJK"},{"slug":"viet-nam","name":"Viêt Nam","iso3":"VNM"}],"independent":true,"unMember":true,"politicalStatus":{"code":"un-member-state","label":"État membre de l’Organisation des Nations unies","shortLabel":"État membre de l’ONU","description":"Chine figure parmi les 193 États membres de l’Organisation des Nations unies.","sourceIds":["unMembers"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30"},"landlocked":false,"territorialScope":{"summary":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement.","map":"Le contour et les coordonnées localisent l’entrée statistique CHN à petite échelle ; ils ne tranchent aucun différend frontalier.","borders":"Hong Kong et Macao ne sont pas comptés comme des pays étrangers voisins de la Chine. La liste retient uniquement les contacts terrestres internationaux du référentiel.","aggregates":"Les comparaisons conservent séparément CHN, HKG et MAC lorsque le producteur publie trois observations ; les sommes d’États membres n’utilisent que CHN afin d’éviter un double compte."},"fixedProvenance":{"name":{"value":"Chine","sourceIds":["m49","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Nom français usuel retenu pour la lecture et la recherche ; il est distingué du libellé statistique M49 exact.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=156;ISO3=CHN","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"m49Name":{"value":"Chine","sourceIds":["m49"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Libellé français exact de l’entrée territoriale publié par la Division de statistique des Nations unies.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=156;ISO3=CHN","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"identifiers":{"value":{"iso2":"CN","iso3":"CHN","m49":"156"},"sourceIds":["m49"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Codes ISO alpha-2, ISO alpha-3 et M49 repris de la table territoriale officielle de l’UNSD.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=156;ISO3=CHN","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"classification":{"value":{"continent":{"code":"142","fr":"Asie"},"subregion":{"code":"030","name":"Asie orientale"}},"sourceIds":["m49"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Grande région et sous-région reprises de la hiérarchie statistique M49 ; ce classement ne constitue pas une appréciation politique.","evidenceUrl":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","recordKey":"M49=156;ISO3=CHN","recordLabel":"Ligne territoriale M49 156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"officialName":{"value":"République populaire de Chine","sourceIds":["unterm","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Forme française contrôlée dans UNTERM et le registre de corrections.","evidenceUrl":"https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en/","recordKey":"CHN:officialName","recordLabel":"Champ officialName de l’entrée CHN/156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"capital":{"value":["Pékin"],"sourceIds":["geonamesCountryInfo","unterm","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Capitale ou fonctions capitales contrôlées ; les cas sensibles reçoivent une note de statut.","evidenceUrl":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","recordKey":"countryInfo.txt:ISO=CN","recordLabel":"Ligne CN du fichier countryInfo","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"politicalStatus":{"value":"État membre de l’ONU","sourceIds":["unMembers"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Statut distingué de la simple présence d’un code statistique M49.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.un.org/about-us/member-states","recordKey":"UN-member:CHN","recordLabel":"Statut ONU/M49 de CHN","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"languages":{"value":[{"code":"zho","name":"chinois"}],"sourceIds":["geonamesCountryInfo","iso639","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Langues référencées ; la présence dans la liste n’implique pas automatiquement un statut officiel.","evidenceUrl":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","recordKey":"countryInfo.txt:ISO=CN","recordLabel":"Ligne CN du fichier countryInfo","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"currencies":{"value":[{"code":"CNY","name":"yuan renminbi chinois","symbol":"¥"}],"sourceIds":["geonamesCountryInfo","iso4217","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Codes monétaires en vigueur contrôlés dans ISO 4217 et, pour les changements récents, auprès de l’autorité monétaire.","evidenceUrl":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","recordKey":"countryInfo.txt:ISO=CN","recordLabel":"Ligne CN du fichier countryInfo","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"timezones":{"value":["Asia/Shanghai","Asia/Urumqi"],"sourceIds":["iana"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Identifiants de la base IANA ; un fuseau n’est pas un simple décalage UTC permanent.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.iana.org/time-zones","recordKey":"zone1970.tab:CN:Asia/Shanghai|Asia/Urumqi","recordLabel":"Zones IANA rattachées au code CN","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"borders":{"value":[{"slug":"afghanistan","name":"Afghanistan","iso3":"AFG"},{"slug":"bhoutan","name":"Bhoutan","iso3":"BTN"},{"slug":"myanmar","name":"Myanmar","iso3":"MMR"},{"slug":"inde","name":"Inde","iso3":"IND"},{"slug":"kazakhstan","name":"Kazakhstan","iso3":"KAZ"},{"slug":"nepal","name":"Népal","iso3":"NPL"},{"slug":"coree-du-nord","name":"Corée du Nord","iso3":"PRK"},{"slug":"kirghizistan","name":"Kirghizistan","iso3":"KGZ"},{"slug":"laos","name":"Laos","iso3":"LAO"},{"slug":"mongolie","name":"Mongolie","iso3":"MNG"},{"slug":"pakistan","name":"Pakistan","iso3":"PAK"},{"slug":"russie","name":"Russie","iso3":"RUS"},{"slug":"tadjikistan","name":"Tadjikistan","iso3":"TJK"},{"slug":"viet-nam","name":"Viêt Nam","iso3":"VNM"}],"sourceIds":["naturalEarth"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Hong Kong et Macao ne sont pas comptés comme des pays étrangers voisins de la Chine. La liste retient uniquement les contacts terrestres internationaux du référentiel.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/110m-cultural-vectors/110m-admin-0-countries/","recordKey":"ADM0_A3=CHN;neighbors=AFG,BTN,MMR,IND,KAZ,NPL,PRK,KGZ,LAO,MNG,PAK,RUS,TJK,VNM","recordLabel":"Voisinages contrôlés pour CHN","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"landlocked":{"value":false,"sourceIds":["mledoze","naturalEarth","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Attribut d’enclavement du référentiel territorial, contrôlé avec la géométrie ; il décrit l’accès direct à la mer, pas la qualité des corridors.","evidenceUrl":"https://github.com/mledoze/countries","recordKey":"CHN:landlocked","recordLabel":"Champ landlocked de l’entrée CHN/156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"independent":{"value":true,"sourceIds":["unMembers","editorialRegistry"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Indicateur opérationnel distinct du statut ONU ; les observateurs, États en libre association, territoires et zones spéciales sont explicités par politicalStatus.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.un.org/about-us/member-states","recordKey":"CHN:independent","recordLabel":"Champ independent de l’entrée CHN/156","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"source primaire et exception éditoriale documentée","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"coordinates":{"value":[35,105],"sourceIds":["geonames"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Coordonnées WGS 84 utilisées pour la localisation générale.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.geonames.org/export/","recordKey":"GeoNames-country:CN:35,105","recordLabel":"Point de repère territorial CN","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"capitalCoordinates":{"value":[39.9075,116.39723],"sourceIds":["geonames"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Coordonnées WGS 84 de la capitale de référence.","evidenceUrl":"https://www.geonames.org/export/","recordKey":"GeoNames-capital:CN:39.9075,116.39723","recordLabel":"Point de repère de Pékin","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."},"surfaceArea":{"value":9562910,"sourceIds":["worldBankArea"],"reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","method":"Dernière observation Banque mondiale disponible (2023), figée comme référence lors de la revue du 2026-07-30. Cette superficie totale n’est pas le dénominateur de la densité, qui utilise la surface terrestre.","evidenceUrl":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/country/cn/indicator/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2?format=json&per_page=100","recordKey":"CN:AG.SRF.TOTL.K2:9562910","recordLabel":"Observation AG.SRF.TOTL.K2 pour CN","accessedAt":"2026-07-29","verificationLevel":"enregistrement source identifié","scope":"Les indicateurs de la Chine, de Hong Kong et de Macao sont publiés sous des entrées statistiques distinctes. Les valeurs ne sont pas additionnées silencieusement."}},"fixedSourceRegistry":{"m49":{"name":"Division de statistique des Nations unies — nomenclature M49","url":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview/","fields":["m49Name","m49","continent","subregion"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unMembers":{"name":"Nations unies — États membres","url":"https://www.un.org/about-us/member-states","fields":["politicalStatus","unMember"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unObservers":{"name":"Nations unies — États non membres observateurs","url":"https://www.un.org/fr/about-us/non-member-states","fields":["politicalStatus","unMember"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"geonamesCountryInfo":{"name":"GeoNames — countryInfo","url":"https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/countryInfo.txt","fields":["capital","languages","currencies","surfaceArea"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"worldBankArea":{"name":"Banque mondiale — superficie totale AG.SRF.TOTL.K2","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.SRF.TOTL.K2","fields":["surfaceArea"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"canadaOfficialArea":{"name":"Gouvernement du Canada — superficie terrestre nationale","url":"https://www.canada.ca/fr/environnement-changement-climatique/services/indicateurs-environnementaux/aires-conservees.html","fields":["surfaceArea"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unterm":{"name":"UNTERM — terminologie des Nations unies","url":"https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en/","fields":["officialName","capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iknAuthority":{"name":"Autorité de la capitale Nusantara — calendrier du transfert","url":"https://www.ikn.go.id/en/ketua-kpu-ri-nyatakan-dukungan-kuat-bagi-kelangsungan-pembangunan-ibu-kota-nusantara","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"unJerusalem":{"name":"Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies — résolution 478 (1980)","url":"https://docs.un.org/fr/S/RES/478(1980)","fields":["capital","politicalStatus"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"southAfricaGovernment":{"name":"Gouvernement sud-africain — fonctions des trois capitales","url":"https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"montserratGovernment":{"name":"Gouvernement de Montserrat — siège à Brades","url":"https://www.gov.ms/contact-us/","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"nauruParliament":{"name":"Parlement de Nauru — siège dans le district de Yaren","url":"https://www.nauru.gov.nr/parliament-of-nauru/contact-parliament.aspx","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"netherlandsConstitution":{"name":"Gouvernement des Pays-Bas — Constitution du Royaume","url":"https://www.government.nl/documents/2019/02/28/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"eswatiniParliament":{"name":"Parlement du Royaume d’Eswatini — siège à Lobamba","url":"https://parliament.gov.sz/contactus/","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"boliviaGovernment":{"name":"Présidence de la Bolivie — Sucre, capitale de l’État","url":"https://vc.presidencia.gob.bo/index.php/prensa/57-junio/1303-en-el-marco-del-bicentenario%2C-presidente-arce-inaugura-la-37%C2%AA-olimpiada-internacional-de-inform%C3%A1tica-en-sucre","fields":["capital"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iso4217":{"name":"SIX, agence de maintenance ISO 4217","url":"https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/financial-information/data-standards.html","fields":["currencies"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iso639":{"name":"ISO 639 — codes des langues","url":"https://www.iso.org/iso-639-language-code","fields":["languages"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"iana":{"name":"IANA Time Zone Database","url":"https://www.iana.org/time-zones","fields":["timezones"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"naturalEarth":{"name":"Natural Earth — Admin 0 Countries","url":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/110m-cultural-vectors/110m-admin-0-countries/","fields":["borders","map"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"mledoze":{"name":"mledoze/countries — attribut géographique landlocked","url":"https://github.com/mledoze/countries","fields":["landlocked"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"geonames":{"name":"GeoNames — coordonnées WGS 84","url":"https://www.geonames.org/export/","fields":["coordinates","capitalCoordinates"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"},"editorialRegistry":{"name":"Registre de corrections Geographie.com","url":"https://www.geographie.com/sources#donnees-fixes","fields":["name","officialName","capital","languages","currencies","politicalStatus"],"accessedAt":"2026-07-29","snapshot":"Référentiel consulté le 2026-07-29"}},"indicators":{"population":{"code":"SP.POP.TOTL","label":"Population totale","unit":"habitants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":1406585000},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":1262645000},{"year":2005,"value":1303720000},{"year":2010,"value":1337705000},{"year":2015,"value":1379860000},{"year":2020,"value":1411100000},{"year":2021,"value":1412360000},{"year":2022,"value":1412175000},{"year":2023,"value":1410710000},{"year":2024,"value":1408975000},{"year":2025,"value":1406585000}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/population"},"density":{"code":"EN.POP.DNST","label":"Densité de population","unit":"hab./km²","latest":{"year":2023,"value":150.264001337848},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":134.492481002789},{"year":2005,"value":138.867766063821},{"year":2010,"value":142.487743405},{"year":2015,"value":146.977949259981},{"year":2019,"value":149.948179684945},{"year":2020,"value":150.305542803154},{"year":2021,"value":150.439753691066},{"year":2022,"value":150.42004812419},{"year":2023,"value":150.264001337848}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/densite-population"},"gdp":{"code":"NY.GDP.MKTP.CD","label":"Produit intérieur brut","unit":"$ US courants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":19498039388042.6},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":1223754919971.05},{"year":2005,"value":2317551298052.05},{"year":2010,"value":6192564874453.29},{"year":2015,"value":11280814787468.9},{"year":2020,"value":14996414166715.1},{"year":2021,"value":18201698719564},{"year":2022,"value":18316765021690.2},{"year":2023,"value":18270356654533.2},{"year":2024,"value":18729668435848},{"year":2025,"value":19498039388042.6}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/pib"},"gdpPerCapita":{"code":"NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","label":"PIB par habitant","unit":"$ US courants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":13861.970224368},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":969.199513696287},{"year":2005,"value":1777.64496828464},{"year":2010,"value":4629.24551710077},{"year":2015,"value":8175.33285077393},{"year":2020,"value":10627.4637989619},{"year":2021,"value":12887.4357242941},{"year":2022,"value":12970.6056414327},{"year":2023,"value":12951.1782397043},{"year":2024,"value":13293.1162269366},{"year":2025,"value":13861.970224368}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/pib-par-habitant"},"lifeExpectancy":{"code":"SP.DYN.LE00.IN","label":"Espérance de vie à la naissance","unit":"années","latest":{"year":2024,"value":78.017},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":72.288},{"year":2005,"value":74.085},{"year":2010,"value":75.668},{"year":2015,"value":76.975},{"year":2020,"value":78.019},{"year":2021,"value":78.117},{"year":2022,"value":78.202},{"year":2023,"value":77.953},{"year":2024,"value":78.017}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/esperance-de-vie"},"urbanPopulation":{"code":"SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS","label":"Population urbaine","unit":"% de la population","latest":{"year":2025,"value":66.3429910348272},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":36.4320234662299},{"year":2005,"value":42.9899978637695},{"year":2010,"value":49.2340270628041},{"year":2015,"value":57.3297843933105},{"year":2020,"value":63.5234230266258},{"year":2021,"value":64.721076965332},{"year":2022,"value":65.2176361083984},{"year":2023,"value":65.5301448035523},{"year":2024,"value":65.8946980998325},{"year":2025,"value":66.3429910348272}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/population-urbaine"},"surfaceArea":{"code":"AG.SRF.TOTL.K2","label":"Superficie","unit":"km²","latest":{"year":null,"value":9562910,"sourceObservationYear":2023,"referenceType":"fixed","reviewedAt":"2026-07-30","sourceIds":["worldBankArea"]},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":9562920},{"year":2005,"value":9562911.8},{"year":2010,"value":9562911},{"year":2015,"value":9562911},{"year":2019,"value":9562910},{"year":2020,"value":9562910},{"year":2021,"value":9562910},{"year":2022,"value":9562910},{"year":2023,"value":9562910}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/superficie"},"populationGrowth":{"code":"SP.POP.GROW","label":"Croissance démographique","unit":"% annuel","latest":{"year":2025,"value":-0.169770885652674},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":0.787956592953992},{"year":2005,"value":0.588124989556992},{"year":2010,"value":0.482959688678361},{"year":2015,"value":0.581456146657648},{"year":2020,"value":0.238040870229883},{"year":2021,"value":0.0892522000412526},{"year":2022,"value":-0.0130995013525784},{"year":2023,"value":-0.103794531589067},{"year":2024,"value":-0.123063407363995},{"year":2025,"value":-0.169770885652674}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/croissance-demographique"},"fertility":{"code":"SP.DYN.TFRT.IN","label":"Indice de fécondité","unit":"enfants par femme","latest":{"year":2024,"value":1.013},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":1.628},{"year":2005,"value":1.624},{"year":2010,"value":1.687},{"year":2015,"value":1.67},{"year":2020,"value":1.236},{"year":2021,"value":1.117},{"year":2022,"value":1.034},{"year":2023,"value":0.999},{"year":2024,"value":1.013}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/fecondite"},"birthRate":{"code":"SP.DYN.CBRT.IN","label":"Taux brut de natalité","unit":"pour 1 000 habitants","latest":{"year":2024,"value":6.77},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":14.03},{"year":2005,"value":12.4},{"year":2010,"value":11.9},{"year":2015,"value":11.99},{"year":2020,"value":8.52},{"year":2021,"value":7.52},{"year":2022,"value":6.77},{"year":2023,"value":6.39},{"year":2024,"value":6.77}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/taux-natalite"},"deathRate":{"code":"SP.DYN.CDRT.IN","label":"Taux brut de mortalité","unit":"pour 1 000 habitants","latest":{"year":2024,"value":7.76},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":6.45},{"year":2005,"value":6.51},{"year":2010,"value":7.11},{"year":2015,"value":7.07},{"year":2020,"value":7.07},{"year":2021,"value":7.18},{"year":2022,"value":7.37},{"year":2023,"value":7.87},{"year":2024,"value":7.76}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/taux-mortalite"},"netMigration":{"code":"SM.POP.NETM","label":"Solde migratoire","unit":"personnes","latest":{"year":2025,"value":-268126},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":-62622},{"year":2005,"value":-103701},{"year":2010,"value":-184144},{"year":2015,"value":-646941},{"year":2020,"value":-91577},{"year":2021,"value":-379749},{"year":2022,"value":-293846},{"year":2023,"value":-567724},{"year":2024,"value":-318992},{"year":2025,"value":-268126}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/solde-migratoire"},"landArea":{"code":"AG.LND.TOTL.K2","label":"Surface terrestre","unit":"km²","latest":{"year":2023,"value":9388210},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":9388220},{"year":2005,"value":9388211.8},{"year":2010,"value":9388211},{"year":2015,"value":9388211},{"year":2019,"value":9388210},{"year":2020,"value":9388210},{"year":2021,"value":9388210},{"year":2022,"value":9388210},{"year":2023,"value":9388210}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/surface-terrestre"},"forestArea":{"code":"AG.LND.FRST.ZS","label":"Surface forestière","unit":"% du territoire","latest":{"year":2023,"value":24.0319389958256},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":18.8534727562839},{"year":2005,"value":20.1109081284255},{"year":2010,"value":21.3683288541342},{"year":2015,"value":22.3998214356282},{"year":2019,"value":23.2311590814436},{"year":2020,"value":23.4313037309562},{"year":2021,"value":23.6315548970464},{"year":2022,"value":23.8316995465589},{"year":2023,"value":24.0319389958256}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/surface-forestiere"},"agriculturalLand":{"code":"AG.LND.AGRI.ZS","label":"Terres agricoles","unit":"% du territoire","latest":{"year":2023,"value":55.4326117545304},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":55.694583211727},{"year":2005,"value":56.0109031839269},{"year":2010,"value":56.1834730812931},{"year":2015,"value":55.7831305666223},{"year":2019,"value":55.462649429444},{"year":2020,"value":55.4526368711394},{"year":2021,"value":55.4426243128349},{"year":2022,"value":55.4326117545304},{"year":2023,"value":55.4326117545304}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/terres-agricoles"},"arableLand":{"code":"AG.LND.ARBL.ZS","label":"Terres arables","unit":"% du territoire","latest":{"year":2023,"value":11.5492836227566},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":12.6797199043056},{"year":2005,"value":12.8522049534502},{"year":2010,"value":12.7960801051446},{"year":2015,"value":12.2356431912321},{"year":2019,"value":11.6042142218804},{"year":2020,"value":11.5894936308412},{"year":2021,"value":11.6065788899055},{"year":2022,"value":11.5635568441694},{"year":2023,"value":11.5492836227566}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/terres-arables"},"gdpPppPerCapita":{"code":"NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD","label":"PIB par habitant en parité de pouvoir d’achat","unit":"$ internationaux courants","latest":{"year":2025,"value":29333.3311051433},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":2963.43487212206},{"year":2005,"value":5148.20803892204},{"year":2010,"value":9411.07660848621},{"year":2015,"value":13463.3331511105},{"year":2020,"value":18267.4783455827},{"year":2021,"value":20843.2978347377},{"year":2022,"value":23028.4517927066},{"year":2023,"value":25200.068112272},{"year":2024,"value":27139.5181633767},{"year":2025,"value":29333.3311051433}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/pib-par-habitant-ppa"},"gdpGrowth":{"code":"NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG","label":"Croissance du PIB réel","unit":"% annuel","latest":{"year":2025,"value":4.95994886240992},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":8.57357328926101},{"year":2005,"value":11.4535130030645},{"year":2010,"value":10.5916903885704},{"year":2015,"value":6.98162255562367},{"year":2020,"value":2.33950385203023},{"year":2021,"value":8.57038414981781},{"year":2022,"value":3.13385438394069},{"year":2023,"value":5.41600334492955},{"year":2024,"value":4.95830378788091},{"year":2025,"value":4.95994886240992}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/croissance-pib"},"inflation":{"code":"FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG","label":"Inflation des prix à la consommation","unit":"% annuel","latest":{"year":2025,"value":0.0595646916565403},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":0.347811226864587},{"year":2005,"value":1.77641407667571},{"year":2010,"value":3.17532475269199},{"year":2015,"value":1.43702380935655},{"year":2020,"value":2.41942189457782},{"year":2021,"value":0.981015135544882},{"year":2022,"value":1.97357555739051},{"year":2023,"value":0.234836828893051},{"year":2024,"value":0.218128938439177},{"year":2025,"value":0.0595646916565403}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/inflation"},"unemployment":{"code":"SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS","label":"Taux de chômage","unit":"% de la population active","latest":{"year":2025,"value":4.615},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":3.26},{"year":2005,"value":4.52},{"year":2010,"value":4.53},{"year":2015,"value":4.65},{"year":2020,"value":5},{"year":2021,"value":4.55},{"year":2022,"value":4.98},{"year":2023,"value":4.67},{"year":2024,"value":4.59},{"year":2025,"value":4.615}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/chomage"},"trade":{"code":"NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS","label":"Échanges de biens et services","unit":"% du PIB","latest":{"year":2025,"value":37.9563878652312},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":39.0109424774998},{"year":2005,"value":61.3600749408237},{"year":2010,"value":49.8540722338977},{"year":2015,"value":38.6971848362625},{"year":2020,"value":34.337778473884},{"year":2021,"value":36.6428789643754},{"year":2022,"value":37.512555678171},{"year":2023,"value":36.7391496938394},{"year":2024,"value":37.9560601372544},{"year":2025,"value":37.9563878652312}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/ouverture-commerciale"},"infantMortality":{"code":"SP.DYN.IMRT.IN","label":"Mortalité infantile","unit":"pour 1 000 naissances","latest":{"year":2024,"value":4.1},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":29.9},{"year":2005,"value":19.4},{"year":2010,"value":12.4},{"year":2015,"value":8.2},{"year":2020,"value":5.5},{"year":2021,"value":5.1},{"year":2022,"value":4.8},{"year":2023,"value":4.4},{"year":2024,"value":4.1}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/mortalite-infantile"},"internetUsers":{"code":"IT.NET.USER.ZS","label":"Utilisateurs d’Internet","unit":"% de la population","latest":{"year":2025,"value":91.6},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":1.77591320677415},{"year":2005,"value":8.52325700269541},{"year":2010,"value":34.3},{"year":2015,"value":50.29999924},{"year":2020,"value":70.05275998},{"year":2021,"value":73.05323517},{"year":2022,"value":75.61131603},{"year":2023,"value":90.6},{"year":2024,"value":92},{"year":2025,"value":91.6}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/utilisateurs-internet"},"mobileSubscriptions":{"code":"IT.CEL.SETS.P2","label":"Abonnements mobiles","unit":"pour 100 habitants","latest":{"year":2024,"value":131.753932036803},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":6.71560052077804},{"year":2005,"value":30.030370302192},{"year":2010,"value":63.5563376954813},{"year":2015,"value":92.5401171363348},{"year":2020,"value":120.496715387079},{"year":2021,"value":121.491918368395},{"year":2022,"value":124.195248970763},{"year":2023,"value":128.247014127486},{"year":2024,"value":131.753932036803}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/abonnements-mobiles"},"accessElectricity":{"code":"EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS","label":"Accès à l’électricité","unit":"% de la population","latest":{"year":2024,"value":100},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":96.7},{"year":2005,"value":97.9},{"year":2010,"value":99.7},{"year":2015,"value":100},{"year":2020,"value":100},{"year":2021,"value":100},{"year":2022,"value":100},{"year":2023,"value":100},{"year":2024,"value":100}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/acces-electricite"},"healthExpenditure":{"code":"SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS","label":"Dépenses courantes de santé","unit":"% du PIB","latest":{"year":2023,"value":5.94388866},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":4.4535861},{"year":2005,"value":4.11230803},{"year":2010,"value":4.15821123},{"year":2015,"value":4.85367584},{"year":2019,"value":5.26516867},{"year":2020,"value":5.50441837},{"year":2021,"value":5.25590324},{"year":2022,"value":5.88078785},{"year":2023,"value":5.94388866}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/depenses-sante"},"schoolSecondary":{"code":"SE.SEC.ENRR","label":"Scolarisation dans le secondaire","unit":"% brut","latest":{"year":2012,"value":92.2603063015232},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":59.4924812316895},{"year":2008,"value":82.6792526245117},{"year":2009,"value":88.2874984741211},{"year":2010,"value":90.7829173331445},{"year":2011,"value":92.0329425203903},{"year":2012,"value":92.2603063015232}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/scolarisation-secondaire"},"renewableEnergy":{"code":"EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS","label":"Énergies renouvelables dans la consommation finale","unit":"% de la consommation","latest":{"year":2021,"value":15.2},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":29.6},{"year":2005,"value":17.4},{"year":2010,"value":12.3},{"year":2015,"value":12.2},{"year":2017,"value":13.1},{"year":2018,"value":13.5},{"year":2019,"value":14.3},{"year":2020,"value":14.9},{"year":2021,"value":15.2}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/energie-renouvelable"},"co2PerCapita":{"code":"EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5","label":"Émissions de CO₂ par habitant","unit":"t éq. CO₂ par habitant","latest":{"year":2024,"value":9.31508933799393},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":2.88907594771294},{"year":2005,"value":4.78299420120885},{"year":2010,"value":6.80718476794211},{"year":2015,"value":7.79057049265868},{"year":2020,"value":8.47858302033874},{"year":2021,"value":8.88715660313235},{"year":2022,"value":8.86482511020235},{"year":2023,"value":9.23027553501428},{"year":2024,"value":9.31508933799393}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/emissions-co2-par-habitant"},"freshwaterWithdrawals":{"code":"ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS","label":"Prélèvements d’eau douce","unit":"% des ressources internes","latest":{"year":2022,"value":20.2097479469587},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":19.5847701660208},{"year":2005,"value":19.6985317643713},{"year":2010,"value":20.8620996124996},{"year":2015,"value":21.0387855949376},{"year":2018,"value":21.0782466493654},{"year":2019,"value":21.0341640300046},{"year":2020,"value":20.2097479469587},{"year":2021,"value":20.2097479469587},{"year":2022,"value":20.2097479469587}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/prelevements-eau-douce"},"militaryExpenditure":{"code":"MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS","label":"Dépenses militaires","unit":"% du PIB","latest":{"year":2024,"value":1.71129740345228},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":1.83575968454189},{"year":2005,"value":1.87185802294835},{"year":2010,"value":1.73351986212832},{"year":2015,"value":1.77677106896806},{"year":2020,"value":1.75669947098837},{"year":2021,"value":1.60525971842503},{"year":2022,"value":1.63053389156959},{"year":2023,"value":1.66484889659813},{"year":2024,"value":1.71129740345228}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/depenses-militaires"},"airPassengers":{"code":"IS.AIR.PSGR","label":"Passagers du transport aérien","unit":"passagers transportés","latest":{"year":2023,"value":619215886},"series":[{"year":2000,"value":61891807},{"year":2005,"value":136721623},{"year":2010,"value":266293020},{"year":2015,"value":436183969},{"year":2019,"value":659629070},{"year":2020,"value":417255845},{"year":2021,"value":440301216},{"year":2022,"value":250754113},{"year":2023,"value":619215886}],"definitionUrl":"https://www.geographie.com/indicateurs/transport-aerien-passagers"}},"seriesMode":"repères chronologiques : années jalons 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 et dernières observations ; pas une série annuelle exhaustive","url":"https://www.geographie.com/pays/chine","sources":{"territories":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/","indicators":"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/","territorialNamesAndCapitals":"https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/geonames/","currencies":"https://www.iso.org/fr/iso-4217-currency-codes.html","languages":"https://www.iso.org/iso-639-language-code","borders":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/","fixedFieldsRegister":"https://www.geographie.com/sources#donnees-fixes","timezones":"https://www.iana.org/time-zones","capitalCoordinates":"https://www.geonames.org/","licences":"https://www.geographie.com/sources#licences"},"retrievedAt":"2026-07-29","fixedDataReviewedAt":"2026-07-30"}